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精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配(pei)(pei)件是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件或部件；也(ye)可(ke)以指(zhi)損(sun)壞后(hou)重新(xin)安裝(zhuang)上的(de)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件或部件。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)由許多(duo)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件構(gou)成(cheng)，可(ke)以分為(wei)兩類(lei)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件和結構(gou)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件。工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件直(zhi)接對成(cheng)型(xing)產品質量造成(cheng)影響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件的(de)決(jue)勝品質在(zai)當下的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配(pei)(pei)件均用精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)段來完成(cheng)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程關系到精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)壽命和成(cheng)型(xing)產品，在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配(pei)(pei)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段除采用慢走(zou)絲線切割、電火花成(cheng)型(xing)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)手(shou)段外，另(ling)采用的(de)方法即是(shi)(shi)在(zai)半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)，熱處(chu)理(li)基礎(chu)上磨削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       那么在(zai)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨削加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)階段(duan)需要(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)好(hao)零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)、內應力、形(xing)狀公差及尺寸精(jing)(jing)度等許(xu)多(duo)技(ji)術參數。在(zai)具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產實踐(jian)中(zhong)，操作困難較(jiao)多(duo)，但是(shi)在(zai)東(dong)莞市時利和15年的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)經驗(yan)中(zhong)可(ke)以總結分析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)可(ke)以借(jie)鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法：一、從模(mo)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，我們可(ke)以針對不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)具(ju)零件(jian)、不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)材質、不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀和不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術要(yao)求進行適(shi)應性加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，提供選擇(ze)性方(fang)案。通過(guo)對加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，達到(dao)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)效果和經濟性是(shi)大多(duo)數精(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)企業關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點。精(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝過(guo)程一般為：粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)—半精(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)—（淬火、調質）—精(jing)(jing)密(mi)磨削—電加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)—鉗工(gong)修整—組裝加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)。

       在精密(mi)模具配件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段主(zhu)要采用的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)有三(san)種主(zhu)要類型(xing)：平面磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、內外圓磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)具成(cheng)型(xing)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)機(ji)床(chuang)。精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)要嚴(yan)格(ge)控制磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)變(bian)形和磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)裂紋的(de)出現，哪怕是工(gong)(gong)(gong)件表面的(de)顯(xian)微裂紋，否(fou)則在后續的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中也會(hui)漸漸顯(xian)露出來。因此，精密(mi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)的(de)進刀量(liang)(liang)(liang)要小(xiao)，磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)中冷卻(que)要充分，盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)選擇(ze)冷卻(que)液介(jie)質，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)(liang)在0.01mm內的(de)零(ling)件要盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)恒溫(wen)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)。

       磨(mo)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中要及時(shi)(shi)修(xiu)整砂輪(lun)，保(bao)持砂輪(lun)的銳(rui)利，當(dang)砂輪(lun)鈍化后(hou)會(hui)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表(biao)面(mian)(mian)滑擦、刻劃(hua)、擠壓，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表(biao)面(mian)(mian)燒傷、顯(xian)微裂痕或產(chan)生溝槽，對以后(hou)的使用(yong)(yong)(yong)顯(xian)著地降低(di)效(xiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。盤類、板(ban)類零件的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大部(bu)(bu)分采用(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)磨(mo)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長而(er)薄的薄板(ban)件時(shi)(shi)，有一(yi)定的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)在磨(mo)床(chuang)磁力臺(tai)的強(qiang)力吸引下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件原(yuan)先存(cun)在某種彎曲產(chan)生平(ping)直形變(bian)(bian)，貼(tie)近于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，待磨(mo)削(xue)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件又在原(yuan)應力作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下變(bian)(bian)形回(hui)復，測量板(ban)件厚度(du)時(shi)(shi)顯(xian)示一(yi)致，但由于(yu)變(bian)(bian)形回(hui)復，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)達不(bu)到精密模具配(pei)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應該的要求，解(jie)決的方法是(shi)磨(mo)削(xue)前(qian)以等高墊鐵墊在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件下面(mian)(mian)，四周用(yong)(yong)(yong)擋(dang)塊擋(dang)住工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件防(fang)止走動，磨(mo)削(xue)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)頭進刀量要小(xiao)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)多次走刀方式完成基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)，基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)好一(yi)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)這一(yi)基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)吸附在磁力臺(tai)上，通(tong)過如上所述的磨(mo)削(xue)方法可改善大部(bu)(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)。